In The Jungle Friends Need Not Be Acquaintances

In The Jungle Friends Need Not Be Acquaintances

One of the biggest lessons when in the midst of the untamed world is the accurate interpretation of sites and sounds. The behavior of monkeys, birds, small animals and antelopes are mostly in reaction to occurrences to their immediate neighborhood.

Certain species of birds are known to be good in warning people in the forest of impending danger. It makes a sound mostly with a sense of urgency in it which one traveling in the forest should never ignore. Monkeys are among the best detectors of danger out there. They not only serve their own but other animals as well. A distress call on seeing a big cat will put antelopes in the vicinity on high alert, often making them flee in time before danger strikes.

A baboon for instance has a different warning call on seeing an ordinary human being from one on seeing a uniformed warden. The game park wardens often restrict the baboons' movements sometimes shooting the destructive ones. The animals therefore perceive wardens to be their ark enemies.

Gorilla trackers in the dense Congo forest talk of a certain species of bird that appears before the trackers to warn them of possible danger ahead. It makes a lot of noise in front them before leading the way in which the people should follow. In most cases the direction that the birds avoid will most likely have dangerous big game that could be disastrous to come face to face with people.

The presence of flies in a bush is always a warning not venture too closely. Big animals like buffaloes and black rhino love to hide in bushes camouflaging well enough not to be detected from a distance.

The hyena is one animal that is known to use the signs in the jungle to perfection. When vultures fly to a target destination, then there is a high possibility of finding some food. If an antelope passes in full flight, the hyena will just follow the likely destination. Since it most likely ends up as prey for the big cats, the hyena will weigh its chances of snatching the prey from them. A fight with lions is rare, but possible. The cheetah loses 30% of its entire catch to hyenas while almost every meal will be shared. The hyena rarely leaves empty handed.

Game trackers have extremely good abilities of interpreting signs and marks made by the wildlife. From a footprint, the trackers will tell you how long ago an animal was here. They are able to predict the most likely distance it could be from the scene. One tracker in a Kenyan park is respected for his ability to detect the position of snakes using of all senses, smell!

When travelers come to Africa, they find it astounding that an African can accurately tell the time of the day, by glancing at the sun. It is something that Africans learn from early in life mainly because, living not far from the equator, the sun occupies almost the same position overhead, throughout the year.

People who live in the forests like the pygmies of Congo or the East African Masai train their interpretations of their surrounding to perfection. It is a necessary ammunition of survival that anyone living in the untamed wild must possess.

James G. Kamweru is a tour operator and has been organizing and reporting on Vacation, Travel and Tours for years. For More Information Visit his site at Kenya I Will Also Highly Appreciate Your Comments Kenya Travel On My Blog Here Kenya

Taste and Aroma - How it Works For You

Taste and Aroma - How it Works For You

Taste and smell work as a team, both adding dimension to what we commonly perceive of as distinct sensations. They also share the unique quality of being internal, that is, we experience these two senses entirely inside our own head. What we see can be pointed at and objectified, what we hear is external to all of us and what we touch can be felt equally by all. Assuming normal, unimpeded sensory information we can easily agree on the qualities of sight, hearing and touch. But, not so with the qualities of taste and smell.

All of our senses have been important to our survival as animals and our cultivated ascension as human beings. Most people have played the game of, "if you had to live without one of your senses, which would you choose?" and for most of us it's a question of losing sight, hearing or touch. We forget about smell and taste. I think smell and taste are the most basic senses, the most individual and the most intriguing. I'd most regret the loss of smell or taste.

The average human can differentiate 10,000 distinct aromas and many of us have a much broader discrimination. Aroma is detected by the olfactory bulb located at the top of our nasal cavity, tucked underneath the front of the brain. Aromatic messages come through the nose and are transmitted from the olfactory bulb to the limbic part of the brain wherein is located our higher order emotions, memories and speech. Auditory, motor and visual input is interpreted in the back part of the brain. We have all experienced the unexpected flash of memory that arises from an aroma, bringing back numerous other details of a time or place long forgotten. It is almost magical that such vivid recollection can come flooding back through our sense of smell when all the mental effort we might have exerted failed to stir the memory. Smell goes right to our deepest memories and emotions.

Smell is extremely important. It protects us from consuming spoiled foods and warns us of impending danger. There is some evidence to support the idea that women have a more subtle sense of smell then men because they had to decide what foods were good to eat and what might be poisonous. Our sense of smell also has a defensive blockade built in so that the same aroma will be blocked after it is introduced by olfactory sensation. This is a protection against particularly noxious odors.

When you read a book the author will quite often evoke the external sensations to engage your imagination but much more rarely smell or taste. Even though we eat every day, scenes in fiction depicting tasting and smelling are rare. It's easier to "paint a picture" of external details than to arouse the reader's internal sensations. This is true of movies and TV entertainment as well, although the Food Network has successfully exploited our natural sensory appetite.

Words, it turns out are simply inadequate in capturing the subtle nature of aroma and taste. In formal tasting exercises the only recourse is a shared vocabulary. That's the idea behind the "aroma wheel" developed at the University of California in Davis to formalize the categories of smell in wine tasting.

If you had to describe what vanilla tastes like how would you do it? What about melon or the smell of woodland pastures on a spring morning? Its not as tough to describe what a melon or a pasture looks like. This is the quandary facing wine tasters that leads to the seemingly absurd descriptors utilized to evoke wine aroma and flavor. Everything from blackberry and mint to tar, coffee, pencil shavings, black licorice and even cat's pee on elderberry. Some descriptors seem to make sense but others are outlandish ... until you try for yourself. If there are 10,000 and more possibilities it seems inevitable that eventually you'll have to use odd combinations of words that get as close as possible to what you're perceiving. And even then, there is no certainty that your perceptions are identical to another taster's.

When it comes to taste, a separate sensation that turns out to be integrated with smell, there are four, or perhaps five flavor components to deal with; sweet, salty, bitter, sour and the recently added umami. These flavors are picked up by the taste buds that are on your tongue and in your mouth. Most foods and drinks excite more than one of the five flavors but some are pretty one-dimensional and can be agreed upon to characterize the flavor. Lemon juice is sour, white sugar is sweet, radicchio is bitter and salt is, well ... salty. What about umami? Umami is a Japanese word. It's a pleasant savory taste that can be detected in meat, fish vegetables and dairy products although it is rarely as distinct and separable as the other four. Umami blends with other taste sensations to add dimension and roundness so, I'm personally still on the fence about whether it is a distinct fifth flavor.

Flavors are, however more objective, and they can be more readily agreed upon, but in your mouth food vaporizes and rises up through neo-nasal passageways to find, once again your olfactory bulb. Thus, as you "taste" you also smell, and taste is greatly magnified by the aromas that accompany it. That's why your sense of taste seems to be so blunt when you're congested. Your tongue is tasting without the benefit of the olfactory stimulation.

Recent studies have concluded that all our sensations work together and that emotion and memory really plays a part in how we perceive and interpret the world around us. When we eat and drink we cannot entirely ignore cultural disposition or personal attitudes. Some of us don't like spicy things, some don't like astringent things, some of us are put off by aromas, textures or flavors that others find irresistible. It has even been shown that our values and assumptions can be confused by simple tricks like dying white wine red or being told that a cheap item is actually very expensive.

There are different theories of how and why we form our tastes. Some would say there are "tolerant tasters" and "sensitive tasters", "expectant palates" or "experimental palates". All would agree that these characterizations are external models that may or may not exactly fit the reality of your individual, internal tastes. It is also becoming clear that even disciplined, experienced tasters do not consistently reach the same conclusions in repeated tests. That, to me is the ultimate proof that your taste is your own.

My final advice would be to indulge your taste and eat and drink mindfully.

Warren Gregory can be reached at warren@warrenswineworld.com. Have a wine related question or live in or near the Twin Cities in Minnesota? Plan a wine event. Warren is a certified sommelier and writes professionally and leads classes in wine tasting and knowledge. Visit http://www.warrengonwine.typepad.com for more fun information on wine and Warren's adventures in wine and food.

Teen Birthday Invitation Cards For Teenage Birthday Party Celebrations

Teen Birthday Invitation Cards For Teenage Birthday Party Celebrations

Teen Birthday Party and Celebrations for Teenager Party

Planning a teen birthday party is different to planning a party for a younger child. For a start it is not always easy to get your teen to talk about any interests they may have and so using a theme is not as clear-cut as it was in the past. Another thing you should bear in mind when planning a teen birthday party is whether they are young teens or older teens.

Some themes that work well are based around popular TV programs or a book or movie character. One theme that some mothers have used and which proved to be a detective theme. This theme works well when it works with the traditional who done it, murder mysteries such as those written by Agatha Christie.

When you order personalized teen birthday invitations, you can include in the custom text that the dress in some way so that they represent different characters in a story. Before the guests arrive you can ensure that the clues to the mystery are hidden in different areas of the house. Once guests arrive then you can start the story off and send them away to look for the clues. You can choose whether food should be served before the search gets going or after the mystery has been solved. Nibbles and other finger foods are often popular with teens as they prefer to pick at things over a period of time - even when they are searching for clues perhaps?

If you are holding a teen party during the summer then perhaps a beach theme would be a good idea although you would need to ensure that is well chaperoned - beach parties that get out of hand can be dangerous. A beach party could include some beach games and perhaps a BBQ followed by some fireworks and a bonfire. If you don't have a beach nearby, you can use the same theme for a pool party. You could always get some sand delivered which could be put down near the pool or in a specific area of the backyard.

Many mothers are sometimes at their wits end when it comes to planning a teenager birthday party. This particular age group is notoriously hard to please and an over consumption of television programs and computer games have added to this. However, these can also provide ideas for a particular theme, perhaps based on a TV reality show such as Survivor or American Idle star. You might be able to get the guests to dress for a particular part at this type party - and they are sure to enjoy an evening of fun and games based around this.

Trying to keep secrets from a teenager is not an easy task and you will probably need some outside help if you intend holding a surprise birthday party. It is a good idea to enlist the help of your teenager's friends if you want to provide something that will please them all. Whatever you decide, it is probably easier to keep quiet about a surprise party if you hire somewhere for the party to take place.

Here are some helpful hints when planning and organizing for a teen party:
* Don't make it a surprise party unless you know that your teen will not feel intimidated by it. Teens fear that if the parents do something embarrassing and spoil their image so they want to be involved.
* Make the central theme of the party food since boys, at this age, generally are always hungry at this age.
* Remember the 4-W decisions: What, Where, When, Whom. Always let your teenager make these choices.
* Keep you distance at the party since teens are often embarrassed by their parents and their funny, old-fashioned ways. However, be sure and not leave entirely unless you want to run the risk of your house resembling a riot area.
* Since it is your teen's birthday, easy up on the rules a wee bit so he thinks the day is special. Allow the music to be a bit loud and hope your neighbors understand.

About the Authors: Sarah Porter and Patti Paz are authors of several articles including Teen Birthday Party, Teenager Birthday Party Invitations and more.

Origin Of The Domestic Dog

Origin Of The Domestic Dog

Ancient history. The earliest fossil carnivores that can be linked with some certainty to canids are the Eocene Miacids some 55 to 38 million years ago. From the miacids evolved the cat-like (Feloidea) and dog-like (Canoidea) carnivores. Most important to the ancestry of the dog was the canoid line, leading from the coyote-sized Mesocyon of the Oligocene (38 to 24 million years ago) to the fox-like Leptocyon and the wolf-like Tomarctus that roamed North America some 10 million years ago. From the time of Tomarctus, dog-like carnivores have expanded throughout the world.

About Domestication. Human hunter-gatherers and wolves experienced several overlaps as both are social species, they shared habitat and hunted the same prey. There are four theories to explain possible routes for domestication of the dog:

1. Orphaned wolf-cubs: Studies have shown that some wolf pups taken at an early age and reared by humans are easily tamed and socialized.[2] Once these early adoptees started breeding amongst themselves, a new generation of tame "wolf-like" domestic animals would result which would over generations of time, become more dog-like.

2. The Promise of Food: Early wolves would, as scavengers, be attracted to the bones and refuse dumps of human campsites. Once there, they would recognise specific humans as "ours" and in protecting their range from strangers, would be useful to prevent surprise attack. These early adoptees became tame wolves, dependent on humans for their source of food. The New Guinea "singing dogs" have such a function today, as do the pariah dogs of India. Dr. Raymond Coppinger of Hampshire College, Massachusetts, argues that such wolves over time would become less fearful of humans than most wild wolves, and this trait may have been heritable, making these wolves more likely to be domesticated. Hypothetically, wolves separated into two populations - the village-oriented scavengers and the packs of hunters. The next steps have not been defined, but selective pressure must have been present to sustain the divergence of these populations.

3. As a beast of burden: North American Indians used dog-sized travois before adapting the horse for this purpose, and huskies are famous for pulling sleds for Inuit communities. It is very probable that the dog was the original beast of burden before the domestication of the horse or ox.

4. Dogs as a source of food and fur: Whilst Westerners have difficulty thinking of dogs (or wolves) as a source of meat, wolf fur is a highly prized commodity.

Archaeology has placed the earliest known domestication at potentially 10,000 BCE-12,000 BCE and with certainty at 7,000 BCE [4]. Domestication of the wolf over time has produced a number of physical changes typical of all domesticated mammals. These include: a reduction in overall size; changes in coat colouration and markings; a shorter jaw initially with crowding of the teeth and, later, with the shrinking in size of the teeth; a reduction in brain size and intelligence and thus in cranial capacity (particularly those areas relating to alertness and sensory processing, necessary in the wild); and the development of a pronounced “stop”, or vertical drop in front of the forehead (brachycephaly). Behaviourally, the wagging of tails and barking are behaviours only found in wolf puppies, retained via neoteny throughout the dog's life. Certain wolf-like behaviours, such as the regurgitation of partially digested food for the young, have also disappeared.

As an experiment in the domestication of wolves, the "farm fox" experiment of Russian scientist Dmitry Belyaev [5] attempted to reenact of how domestication may have occurred. Researchers working with selectively breeding wild silver foxes over thirty-five generations and forty years for the sole trait of friendliness to humans, created more dog-like animals. The "domestic elite" foxes are much more friendly to humans and actually seek human attention, but they also show new physical traits that parallel the selection for tameness, even though the physical traits were not originally selected for. They include spotted or black-and-white coats, floppy ears, tails that curl over their backs, and earlier sexual maturity. It was reported "On average, the domestic foxes respond to sounds two days earlier and open their eyes one day earlier than their non-domesticated cousins. More striking is that their socialisation period has greatly increased. Instead of developing a fear response at 6 weeks of age, the domesticated foxes don't show it until 9 weeks of age or later. The whimpering and tail wagging is a holdover from puppyhood, as are the foreshortened face and muzzle. Even the new coat colours can be explained by the altered timing of development. One researcher found that the migration of certain melanocytes (which determine colour) was delayed, resulting in a black and white 'star' pattern."

DNA Evidence. Prior to the use of DNA researchers were divided into two schools of thought: 1. most supposed that these early dogs were descendants of tamed wolves, which interbred and evolved into a domesticated species. 2. other scientists, whilst believing wolves were the chief contributor, suspected that jackals or coyotes contributed to the dog's ancestry.

Carles Vilà of UCLA,[1], who has conducted the most extensive study to date, has shown that DNA evidence has ruled out any ancestor canine species except the wolf. Vila's team analyzed 162 different examples of wolf DNA from 27 populations in Europe, Asia, and North America. These results were compared with DNA from 140 individual dogs from 67 breeds gathered from around the world. Using blood or hair samples, DNA was extracted and genetic distance for mitochondrial DNA was estimated between individuals.

Based on this DNA evidence, most of the domesticated dogs were found to be members of one of four groups. The largest and most diverse group contains sequences found in the most ancient dog breeds, including the dingo of Australia, the New Guinea singing dog, and many modern breeds, like the collie and retriever. Other groups such as the German shepherd showed a closer relation to wolf sequences than to those of the main dog group, suggesting that such breeds had been produced by crossing dogs with wild wolves. It is also possible that this is evidence that dogs may have been domesticated from wolves on different occasions and at different places. Vilà is still uncertain whether domestication happened once - after which domesticated dogs bred with wolves from time to time - or whether it happened more than once.

The most puzzling fact of the DNA evidence is that the variability in molecular distance between dogs and wolves seems greater than the 10-20,000 years assigned to domestication. Based upon the molecular clock studies conducted, it would seem that dogs separated from the wolf lineage approximately 100,000 years ago. Although clear evidence for fossil dogs becomes obscure beyond about 14,000 years ago, there are fossils of wolf bones in association with early humans from well beyond 100,000 years ago.[6] Tamed wolves might have taken up with hunter-gatherers without changing in ways that the fossil record could clearly capture. These dogs-in-process would possibly have dallied with wolves as packs of humans and canines traveled out of Africa and around the world. Since evidence of dogs is not found elsewhere before 14,000 years ago, it may be that the "Sahara pump" associated with the Glacial Maximum was responsible for the spread of the dogs out of Africa. Such a thesis is compatible with the spread of languages associated with the Nostratic hypothesis.

Keith Londrie II is the Webmaster of http://dog.about-animals.info A website that specializes in providing information on dogs that you can research on the internet at your own pace. Please Visit http://dog.about-animals.info now!

X Ray - Base For All Diagnostic Imaging

X Ray - Base For All Diagnostic Imaging

Technology is being used in the field of medical sciences to diagnose almost any given problem. It can be a small injury or a deadly decease, a detailed diagnosis is required to cure from the roots. One among such technologies is the use of X-ray in the treatments.

X-ray technology uses radiography to capture the images of your body parts for the diagnostic purposes. For example, if you have a hairline crack on your bone, your doctor will be able to give you a solution easily by studying the X-ray images. The process of developing X-ray images is a highly skilled operation. In order to perform such training one has to be trained and license. There are many X-ray training educational institutions most of them trade schools, which provide you with the instruction and experience. After the successful completion of the course you will be awarded with a certification or diploma.

Most people at minimum know the basics of how to work with fixed and portable x-ray equipment, how to develop pictures, and how to position people so the best pictures can be taken. Others learn deeper aspects of the radiology profession and may be able to do sonograms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs), and computerized axial tomography scans (CAT scans or CT scans). You can get your X-ray certification through many programs available in hospitals as well. Mostly those programs are for employees of the hospitals, but they might be open for general public as well. There are a lot of options to learn X-Ray technology.

X-ray technology is being used in all walks of the life. Be it a medical diagnosis, dental science or even crime detection. In dental science the X-ray certification plays a very important role. The main responsibilities of dental assistants are as follows:

• To take the X-ray images of the jaws of the patients.
• To protect the patients from the harmful radiation.
• Finally to assist the dentist by providing the image

The technician with an X-ray certification is capable of interpreting the images. Basically interpretation is analyzing the image which is developed from the X-ray machine. The output will be in the form a black and white of the negative image. It can be an image which consists of density based pseudo color or even the organic or inorganic colors. Apart from playing an important role in the field of medical science, the X-ray machines can also be used in the crime detection. X-ray detection techniques are also widely used in the Airport, bus stations or in Railway stations to check the passenger luggage.

X-Ray field and diagnostic imaging field in general requires ability to work well with people, who may sometimes be uncooperative or unable through illness or injury, to stand, sit, or lie down in certain positions. As an x-ray technician one must be able to exude a calm and helpful demeanor, especially to those who are worried and in pain.

If you want to pursue a carrier in the field of X-ray technology, you will be presented with a wide range of options. Just browse the internet and you will get all the information regarding the X-ray schools or institutes which conducts the X-ray programs. However, please remember that before you could start your professional carrier in the field of X-ray you should have a valid X-ray certification. In many of the states it is mandatory to have your certificate.

Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts is an X ray school offering X ray training and certification programs in California.

ESL Phonics

ESL Phonics

I've found that the main issue with a lot of people teaching ESL phonics is that they seem to make more mistakes than some of the other commercially available phonics programs. Some of ESL teachers are trying to teach phonics when it's quite clear that they have no practical experience on teaching reading skills to children.

This issue stems from the fact that many ESL teachers go into teaching English without much training at all. It's an easy field to get into, with no stringent screening requirements. Anyone can put up a few classified ads offering their teaching services and start making money teaching. But do you really want just anyone teaching your children phonics? Of course not! You want the best phonics training available. And the excellent part isn't, even if your native language isn't English there are ways to quickly teach your child the skills to learn English. There are some minor issues that crop up though that I want to discuss (if your language native language isn't English and you plan on teaching reading skills in English).

The process of learning to read can be broken down into some pretty simple steps. Simple to understand, but they take time to be understood and absorbed by your child.

1. Step 1: Letter Recognition Skills: Make sure your child can recognize and name all the letters of the alphabet (both upper case and lower case). This can be challenging for some of the lower case letters (like p and q and b and d which are quite similar to young children). Some people consider being able to write these letters another critical part of learning to read, but I think some young children who lack the motor skills to write the letters will still be able to learn how to read words that use them.

2. Step 2: Sounds of the letters: There are 44 sounds in the English language and 120 graphemes (ways of representing those sounds). The sound /f/ can be represented by "ph" and "f" for example. Elephant and fish both have the /f/ sound, but it's spelled in different ways. For a full list of these sounds, visit my site or just search for "synthetic phonics phonemes and graphemes" and you'll find charts that will show you how these sounds and grapheme correlations work. Also, if your native language isn't English you might have some tiny worries about pronunciation. When I taught in Japan, we had a lot of practice on students' properly saying "l" and "r" sounds.

3. Step 3: Blend the letters together to form words: I usually start with two letter combinations, like "at" and "ut" and see if it's possible for your child to sound them out. If they've already done step two, they'll find it surprisingly easy to do. Then I move into three letter words, like "cat" and "cup".

4. Step 4: Practical application: In this stage, I move onto reading. Not just any books, mind you, but "decodable readers". These are books that your child, with a little assistance, practice, and phonics training, will be able to read on their own. It will be really exciting for you and your child in this stage, because they'll actually be reading. A lot of people find "decodable books" a little too dry and boring, and they want to start with something too difficult. I like to make the skiing comparison. Even though black diamond is more exciting than the bunny hill, would you really want to learn to ski on it?

That concludes my little article on ESL phonics. Hope you enjoyed it!

What's the best way to teach your child reading? Some approaches work brilliantly, while others can damage your child's chances to read successfully. Find out more about reading techniques at...

http://www.minidavinci.com

Poop - Fun Facts on the Unmentionable

Poop - Fun Facts on the Unmentionable

The more disgusting it is, the more fascinating. And nothing beats dung, yes, your poop. Do you know why it is brown and smelly, and what it is made up of?

#1. Why is our poop brown in color?

Our poop (stool, or dung) is brown color mostly comes from bilirubin, formed by the breakdown of dead red blood cells, which our bodies try to get rid of as waste.

As you may notice our stool may not be brown all the time. For example, green stool can result from rapid transit of feces through the intestines, as in diarrhea. The color can also come from pigments, like a blue-color ice-cream or red chili.

If we get black stool, we have to be careful, because it indicates digested blood in the stool and thus a possible problem in the intestines.

We may be able to find seeds, nuts, corn and beans in the stools as well! These goods have high fiber content and remains undigested.

#2. Why does my stool smell so bad?

Stool stinks because the bacteria that help digest our food produce smelly organic compounds rich in sulfur and nitrogen, same compounds that give fart its "unique" odor.

Meat is richer in sulfides, so yeah, that's probably why your dad's fart is smellier. That's why dogs and cats poop are also smellier than those of cows and goats.

#3. How come some of my poop float and some doesn't?

The 'floaters' have a higher gas content. You can think of it as fart being trapped inside. Poop with a higher fat content will also float.

#4. What is poop made up of?

A typical stool contains 75% water, 10% dead bacteria, 10% fiber, and a mixture of fats (e.g. cholesterol), proteins, inorganic salts, dead cells, and mucus from the lining of the intestine.

The proportion of water depends on the amount of time it stays in the intestine. In case of diarrhea, the stool looks runny because there is little time for water to be absorbed by the intestine. On the other hand, in case of constipation the stool is often very hard.

The dead bacteria are dead micro-organisms which help digesting our food in the intestine.

#5. Why do birds' poop look white and runny?

Birds do not urinate, so the urea extracted by kidneys in mammals goes out with the poop as uric acid. Uric acid dissolves in water easily and thus it comes out as white paste.

#6. Why do dogs (and other animals) eat poop?

Yes. Many animals eat poop on a regular basis: rabbits, rodents, gorillas, many insects' and your favorite dogs!

Although poop is the excreted waste, it often still contains half of the energy of the original food (that's why manure are great fertilizers).

Some plant eaters (herbivores) such as rabbits and rodents, their diet is hard to digest efficiently, and so they have to make two passes at it to get everything out of the meal.

Some animals eat poop because it contains a certain amount of protein. Dogs in particular likes cats' poop. Good idea to have a dog and cat in the same house? Um

#7. What are the uses of poop besides fertilizers?

Dried cow and camel dung was (and is) an important source of fuel because of the high fiber content.

Paper is made from dung of elephant and other plant-eating animals in certain parts of Africa and Asia.

Wolf dung, which creates black, thick smoke when burned, has played an important role in the military defense in ancient China. Sentries stationed on the Great Wall would build up columns of smoke: 1 column indicated a small force was attacking, while 4 column would indicate an army of up to 10,000.

#8. Finally why poop is called poop?

Poop comes from the Old English word poupen or popen, which means fart, and based on the sound of a fart. Have a nice one!

Stephanie writes a daily blog answering questions you can ever think of from kids around the world. Finally, mommy and daddy can take a good break.

Parents and the young-at-hearts, check us out at http://www.momshotline.com Let's learn something new and interesting everyday!